The Company officials started repeatedly requesting the directors to shift the Company headquarters from Surat to Bombay. [220] The city is divided into seven police zones and seventeen traffic police zones,[149] each headed by a deputy commissioner of police. Mumbai suffers from the same major urbanization problems seen in many fast growing cities in developing countries: poverty and unemployment. A platform that hosts data of cultural relevance from various repositories and institutions all over India. [269] Though 88% of the city's commuters travel by public transport, Mumbai still continues to struggle with traffic congestion. [237], Elections are also held every five years to elect corporators to power in the MCGM. Local civic body Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) authorities are assigned to forecast and issue eviction notices while BMC along with NGO's prepare for the evacuation of slum dwellers to temporary safe camps. Other festivals like Diwali, Holi, Navratri, Christmas, Rakshabandhan, Makar Sankranti, Dussera, Eid, Durga Puja, Ram Navami, Shiv Jayanti and Maha Shivratri are some of the popular festivals in the city. On 11 May 1661, the marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal, placed the islands in possession of the English Empire, as part of Catherine's dowry to Charles. The Conditional Access System (CAS) started by the Union Government in 2006 met a poor response in Mumbai due to competition from its sister technology Direct-to-Home (DTH) transmission service.[398]. Residents of Mumbai call themselves Mumbaikar,[58] Mumbaiite,[336] Bombayite or Bombaiite. The storm reportedly impacted Mumbai for 20 hours and left the city devastated. [252] The first line of the Mumbai Metro opened in early June 2014. Mumbai and London are the only two cities to have hosted both a World Cup final and the final of an ICC Champions Trophy which was played at the Brabourne Stadium in 2006.[433]. This would give rise to the first waves of immigration into the islands. [58] Older terms such as Bombayite are also in use. Beaches are a major tourist attraction in the city. The Bombay Council suggested the construction of a causeway and persuaded the Directors to agree to it by stating the advantages that would accrue.The construction was completed in 1838 and both the islands were joined to Bombay by the Colaba Causeway. [136], The Jawaharlal Nehru Port, which handles 5560% of India's containerized cargo, was commissioned on 26 May 1989 across the creek at Nhava Sheva with a view to de-congest Mumbai Harbour and to serve as a hub port for the city. The seven islands of Bombay saw a long history of very diverse rulings, which turned its landscape into a combination of rock cut caves, temples, mosques, churches, water tanks, and forts. Henry Young and Mr. Streynsham Masters to take possession of the Islands. The central city was stretched from the present day Dongri to Malabar Hill. Last Updated. Mumbai (English: /mmba/ (listen), Marathi:[mumbi]; also known as Bombay /bmbe/ the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It had even tried to wrest it from the Portuguese, albeit unsuccessfully, in 1627 with the help of the Dutch East India Company. [247] It is operated by the Central Railway and Western Railway zones of the Indian Railways. [137] The geographical limits of Greater Mumbai were coextensive with municipal limits of Greater Mumbai. [434] The Mumbai City FC of Indian Super League (ISL) play their home matches at the Mumbai Football Arena. [312] Sewage treatment is carried out at Worli and Bandra, and disposed of by two independent marine outfalls of 3.4km (2.1mi) and 3.7km (2.3mi) at Bandra and Worli respectively. As more tracts of land were reclaimed and modern structures . [26][112] In 1817, the British East India Company under Mountstuart Elphinstone defeated Baji Rao II, the last of the Maratha Peshwa in the Battle of Khadki. Rugby is another growing sport in Mumbai with league matches being held at the Bombay Gymkhana from June to November. Although the municipal corporation is the legislative body that lays down policies for the governance of the city, it is the commissioner who is responsible for the execution of the policies. According to the treaty, the Seven Islands of Bombay, the nearby strategic town of Bassein and its dependencies were offered to the Portuguese. Bombay was seven islands until the British joined them together through a series of reclamations and infills, paving the way for the rise of a brilliant port city. [421] Grant Medical College established in 1845 and Seth G.S. [10] Greater Mumbai, the area under the administration of the MCGM, has a literacy rate of 94.7%, higher than the national average of 86.7%. [46] Ali Muhammad Khan, imperial dewan or revenue minister of the Gujarat province, in the Mirat-i Ahmedi (1762) referred to the city as Manbai. Mumbai City has its history which many of us don't know, Mumbai was an archipelago of "seven Islands", namely Colaba, Mazagaon, Mahim, Parel, Bombay Island, Worli and Old Woman's Island. Mumbai is home to two prominent research institutions: the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), and the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). [415] History The seven islands of Bombay. Report. This group of islands formed a part of the kingdom of Ashoka, the famed Buddhist emperor of India. [250] The Mumbai rail network is spread at an expanse of 319 route kilometres. All executive powers are vested in the municipal commissioner who is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer appointed by the state government. Mazagaon Image Source The name of the Mazagaon Island was derived from the term Matsya Gram, which, in English, means the Fishing Village. Mumbai Veterinary College is the oldest and premier Veterinary College of India and Asia. [208], As of 2022, Mumbai is home to the eighth-highest number of billionaires of any city. Archeological evidence suggests that these islands were inhabited since the Stone Age, and that they were part of trade networks with Egypt and Persia around 1000 BC. [189][190][191] According to the 2016 World Health Organization Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database,[192] the annual average PM2.5 concentration in 2013 was 63 g/m3, which is 6.3 times higher than that recommended by the WHO Air Quality Guidelines[193] for the annual mean PM2.5. Coordinates: 19827N 725335E. The period from June to about the end of September constitutes the south west monsoon season, and October and November form the post-monsoon season. [425] Satellite television (DTH) has yet to gain mass acceptance, due to high installation costs. [88], The Portuguese were actively involved in the foundation and growth of their Roman Catholic religious orders in Bombay. The latter were to be paid by the Company every Saturday night, part in money and part in rice, for every days work done by each man that they employed in their service. It is also one of the world's top ten centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow,[30] generating 6.16% of India's GDP,[31] and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India (Mumbai Port Trust, Dharamtar Port and JNPT),[32] and 70% of capital transactions to India's economy. Mumbai, also known as Bombay (the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Now that the charter had arrived, the Surat Council held a consultation on 3rd September 1668 in which it was decided to send their Commissioners, Mr. Goodier, Capt. [372][373], Contemporary art is featured in both government-funded art spaces and private commercial galleries. Colaba 3. The three reached Bombay and on 23rd September 1668 the English officer, Capt. By the middle of the 17th century the growing power of the Dutch Empire forced the English to acquire a station in western India. In 1954 Hindustan Petroleum comissoned Mumbai Refinery at Trombay and BPCL Refinery. Erected in 1431, this magnificent structure pays homage to the revered Muslim saint, Haji Ali. The islands became part of the Mauryan Empire in the third century BC, and they were made a center of Buddhist patronage. The architecture of the city is a blend of Gothic Revival, Indo-Saracenic, Art Deco, and other contemporary styles. As the city came under British patronage, the inevitable happened: original inhabitants were sidelined and marginalized. [222], Mumbai is the seat of the Bombay High Court, which exercises jurisdiction over the states of Maharashtra and Goa, and the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. Isle of Bombay was one of the Seven Islands of Bombay, an archipelago of islands that were, in the eighteenth century, connected to form the area of the modern city of Bombay in India. [20] Mumbai is the third most expensive office market in the world, and was ranked among the fastest cities in the country for business startup in 2009. [156], Apart from the Bhatsa Dam, there are six major lakes that supply water to the city: Vihar, Lower Vaitarna, Upper Vaitarna, Tulsi, Tansa and Powai. These were seven islands when the Portuguese ceded these to the British as 'dowry' for the marraige of the English King Charles II to Catharine of Braganza of Portugal, in 1661. . [131] The Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (BMRDA) was established on 26 January 1975 by the Government of Maharashtra as an apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in the Mumbai metropolitan region. The city is also home to the Bollywood film industry which entertains millions and millions of people across the globe. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai, History of Bombay under Portuguese rule (15341661), Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority, City and Industrial Development Corporation, Consulate General of the United States, Mumbai, most or second-most productive metro area, Santacruz Electronic Export Processing Zone, All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM), Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport, Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya, Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation, List of educational institutions in Mumbai Schools, Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations, International General Certificate of Secondary Education, Sir Jamshedjee Jeejeebhoy Group of Hospitals, National Institute of Industrial Engineering, Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, S P Jain Institute of Management and Research, List of twin towns and sister cities in India, "Indian Cities and Their Nicknames Complete List", "Administrator to run BMC, first time in 40 years", "BMC to be Run by Administrator Sans Mayor After 4 Decades", "Iqbal Chahal appointed as BMC administrator as elections delayed", "Maharashtra (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards Population Statistics in Maps and Charts", "INDIA STATS: Million plus cities in India as per Census 2011", "Global Wealth PPP Distribution: Who Are The Leaders Of The Global Economy? [126], Following protests during the movement in which 105 people died in clashes with the police, Bombay State was reorganised on linguistic lines on 1 May 1960. Source: Wikimedia Commons, Seven Islands of Bombay- A diagrammatic representation Mumbai is an extensive group of islands, which are connected together to shape the economic hub of the country. Mahim: to the west of Parel and north of Worli, took its name from the Mahim river and was the capital of a 13th century kingdom founded by Raja Bhimdev . The Bombay government sent Bake to deliver the map personally to the directors. [294], The proposed Navi Mumbai International airport to be built in the Kopra-Panvel area has been sanctioned by the Indian Government and will help relieve the increasing traffic burden on the existing airport. The city's cosmopolitan and urban-centric modern cultural offerings are comparable to other world capitals. With available land at a premium, Mumbai residents often reside in cramped, relatively expensive housing, usually far from workplaces, and therefore requiring long commutes on crowded mass transit, or clogged roadways. Mumbai has the second highest number of Art Deco buildings in the world after Miami. [134][135] Industrial development began in Mumbai when its economy started focusing on the petrochemical, electronic, and automotive sectors. [25] Beginning in 1782, Mumbai was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project,[26] which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea. Up until the end of the 18th century, before being a single landmass, Mumbai was made of seven separate islands known as Mahim, Worli, Parel, Mazagaon, Bombay, Colaba, and Little Colaba. [383] Most of the beaches are unfit for swimming, except Girgaum Chowpatty and Juhu Beach. CIFE has over four decades of leadership in human resource development with its alumni aiding in the development of fisheries and aquaculture worldwide, producing notable contributions to research and technological advancements to its credit. Worli The nearby islands of Trombay and Salsette were merged to form Greater Bombay. [422] Government Law College and Sydenham College, respectively the oldest law and commerce colleges in India, are based in Mumbai. [86], The Mughal Empire, founded in 1526, was the dominant power in the Indian subcontinent during the mid-16th century. As a result, slums are either swamped, washed away, or collapse causing heavy casualties, and post-flood water logging lasts for a long time that causing blockage of railway lines-(most frequently used public transport in Mumbai), traffic snarl, inundated roads, and sub-merged bylanes. [278] Mumbai has approximately 1,900km (1,181mi) of roads. At first, the directors of the Company were not keen to spend money on reclamations, hoping that it could be undertaken by private individuals. Mumbai has three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, the Elephanta Caves and the Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble. It is also home to some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes. [304] The water is filtered at Bhandup,[304] which is Asia's largest water filtration plant. [355], Languages in Mumbai (2011)[356][357][358], Marathi is the official and working language of the bureaucracy along with English and Hindi. [430] Mumbai's first-class team Mumbai cricket team has won 41 Ranji Trophy titles, the most by any team. Mumbai will host the 140th IOC Session in 2023. [227], The 1960s saw the rise of regionalist politics in Mumbai, with the formation of the Shiv Sena on 19 June 1966, under the leadership of Balasaheb Thackeray out of a feeling of resentment about the relative marginalisation of the native Marathi people in Mumbai. The resultant island city that emerged is what constitutes south Bombay at present. [49] The Government of India officially changed the English name to Mumbai in November 1995. [145] From being an ancient fishing community and a colonial centre of trade, Mumbai has become South Asia's largest city and home of the world's most prolific film industry.

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