[198] Bikini-clad dancers and cheerleaders entertain the audience during match breaks in many beach volleyball tournaments, including the Olympics. The bikini line delineates the part of a woman's pubic area to be covered by the bottom part of a bikini, which means any pubic hair visible beyond the boundaries of a swimsuit. WebJust a few days before the swimsuit debuted in Paris, the United States had conducted its first nuclear tests in the Bikini Atoll. Reard named his design for the Bikini Atoll, where the first post-war tests of the atomic bomb were taking place. Rard went back to designing conventional knickers to sell in his mother's shop. War-time shortages of fabrics led to rationing. Contestants in the first Miss World beauty pageant wore them in 1951, but the bikini was then banned from the competition. [196], However, the FIVB's mandating of the bikini ran into problems. "[196][207] Many female beach volleyball players have sustained injuries by over-training the abdominal muscles while many others have gone through augmentation mammoplasty to look appealing in their uniforms. [236] Movies like Blue Crush and TV reality shows like Surf Girls merged the concepts of bikini models and athletes together, further accentuating the toned body ideal. The recent body-positivity movement has been instrumental in helping us redefine what it means to have a bikini body. In the 1930s, European women shifted from wearing a one-piece to two-piece bathing suits. [142][143] The costume shocked the conservative Indian audience,[144] but it also set a trend of bikini-clad actresses carried forward by Parveen Babi (in Yeh Nazdeekiyan, 1982[145]), Zeenat Aman (in Heera Panna 1973; Qurbani, 1980[145]) and Dimple Kapadia (in Bobby, 1973[145]) in the early 1970s. The new swimwear code was epitomized by surf star Malia Jones, who appeared on the June 1997 cover of Shape Magazine wearing a halter top two-piece for rough water. Between 1900 and 1940, swimsuit lengths followed the changes in underwear designs. The bikini was a hit, especially among men, and Bernardini received some 50,000 fan letters. [92] In 1952, she wore a bikini in Manina, the Girl in the Bikini (1952) (released in France as Manina, la fille sans voiles), a film which drew considerable attention due to her scanty swimsuit. [135] In 1997, 51 years after the bikini's debut, and 77 years after the Miss America Pageant was founded, contestants were allowed wear two-piece swimsuits, not just the swimsuits (nicknamed "bulletproof vests") traditionally issued by the pageant. "A Bikini Isn't The Choice Of Miss Pa. For The First Time In 77 Years, Contestants In Miss America Pageant Can Choose Their Swimwear. [266] Visible pubic hair is widely culturally disapproved, considered to be embarrassing, and often removed. A consummate self-publicist, Reard invited the press to see his scandalous creation. A group of remote islands, the atoll took its name from a local word, pikinni, which meant coconut place.. made her an instant pin-up girl. "[98] In July that year the New York Post searched for bikinis around New York City and found only a couple. [62] Fashion writer Diana Vreeland described the bikini as the "atom bomb of fashion". [83][84] Bikinis were banned from beauty pageants around the world after the controversy. As he explains, "The emancipation of swimwear has always been linked to the emancipation of women. [24] There has been no evidence that these bikinis were for swimming or sun-bathing. [40][52] Rard held the press conference five days after the first test of a nuclear device (nicknamed Able) over the Bikini Atoll during Operation Crossroads. [63] French newspaper Le Figaro wrote, "People were craving the simple pleasures of the sea and the sun. [65] According to Kevin Jones, curator and fashion historian at the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising, "Rard was ahead of his time by about 15 to 20 years. However, on July 5, 1946 the modern day bikini was officially invented by a mechanical engineer names Louis Rard. [31] In an epigram on Chione, Martial strangely mentions a sex worker who went to the bathhouse in a bikini, while it was more natural to go unclothed. Rayon was used in the 1920s in the manufacture of tight-fitting swimsuits,[36] but its durability, especially when wet, proved problematic,[44] with jersey and silk also sometimes being used. [246], As the swimsuit was evolving, underwear also started to change. [63], The "-kini family" (as dubbed by author William Safire[151]), including the "-ini sisters" (as dubbed by designer Anne Cole[152]) has grown to include a large number of subsequent variations, often with a hilarious lexicon string bikini, monokini or numokini (top part missing), seekini (transparent bikini), tankini (tank top, bikini bottom), camikini (camisole top and bikini bottom), hikini, thong, slingshot, minimini, teardrop, and micro. The bikini has also been a battleground for the debate over womens bodies. [139], Bollywood actress Sharmila Tagore appeared in a bikini in An Evening in Paris (1967),[140] a film mostly remembered for the first bikini appearance of an Indian actress. [269], The tan lines created by the wearing of a bikini while tanning are known as a bikini tan. [59] He announced that his swimsuit, was "smaller than the world's smallest bathing suit". [56] Writer Meredith Hall wrote in her memoir that until 1965 one could get a citation for wearing a bikini in Hampton Beach, New Hampshire. The bikini has also been a battleground for the debate over womens bodies. "[102] All at Sea (a.k.a. [47] To comply with the regulations, swimsuit manufacturers removed skirt panels and other attachments,[10] while increasing production of the two-piece swimsuit with bare midriffs. With the development of new clothing materials, particularly latex and nylon, through the 1930s swimsuits gradually began hugging the body, with shoulder straps that could be lowered for tanning. [13] Rard hoped his swimsuit's revealing style would create an "explosive commercial and cultural reaction" similar to the explosion at Bikini Atoll. [196][199] Even indoor volleyball costumes followed suit to become smaller and tighter. [20] The museum's exhibits include female statues wearing see-through gold lam brassiere, basque and knickers. [99], Similar photographs were taken of Anita Ekberg and Sophia Loren, among others. [113] "The advent of Lycra allowed more women to wear a bikini," wrote Kelly Killoren Bensimon, a former model and author of The Bikini Book, "It didn't sag, it didn't bag, and it concealed and revealed. [21] The exercising bikini girls from Piazza Armerina wear subligaria, scanty briefs made as a dainty version of a man's perizoma, and a strophium band about the breasts, often referred to in literature as just fascia, which can mean any kind of bandage. The Busby Berkeley film Footlight Parade of 1932 showcases aquachoreography that featured bikinis. Hanfmann the bikini girls made the learned observers realize "how modern the ancients were". [56] He noticed that women at the beach rolled up the edges of their swimsuit bottoms and tops to improve their tan. [6] While men in ancient Greece abandoned the perizoma, partly high-cut briefs and partly loincloth, women performers and acrobats continued to wear it. "[97] Nevertheless, professional beach volleyball player Gabrielle Reece, who competes in a bikini, claims that "confidence" alone can make a bikini sexy. It was instead a celebration of freedom and a return to the joys in life. The design, two triangles on top, positioned to cover the bosom and two triangles, one front, one back, on the bottom, was basic. By 1988, the two-piece sensation accounted for nearly 20% of swimwear sales and it remains beloved today. [154], There is a range of distinct bikini styles available string bikinis, monokinis (topless or top and bottom connected), trikinis (three pieces instead of two), tankinis (tank top, bikini bottom), camikinis (camisole top, bikini bottom), bandeaukini (bandeau top, bikini bottom), skirtini (bikini top, skirt bottom), "granny bikini" (bikini top, boy shorts bottom), hikinis (also hipkini), seekinis (transparent), minikinis, microkinis, miniminis, slingshots (or suspender bikinis), thong bottoms, tie-sides (a variety of string bikini) and teardrops. In 1913, inspired by that breakthrough, the designer Carl Jantzen made the first functional two-piece swimwear, a close-fitting one-piece with shorts on the bottom and short sleeves on top. "[123] It was estimated in 2016 that in 2019 the USA would be the largest swimwear market (US$10 billion), followed by Europe (US$5 billion), Asia-Pacific (US$4 billion) and Middle East and Africa (about 1 billion). [34] In 1935 American designer Claire McCardell cut out the side panels of a maillot-style bathing suit, the bikini's forerunner. WebFashion designer Jacques Heim and mechanical engineer Louis Rard both claim to be the first to launch the bikini on the French Riviera in Cannes in the summer of 1946. [230] One survey commissioned by Diet Chef, a UK home delivery service, reported by The Today Show and ridiculed by More magazine, showed that women should stop wearing bikinis by the age of 47. This article is about the bathing suit. [194] It also drew the ire of some athletes. [26] A statue of the Venus was recovered from the tablinum of the house of Julia Felix,[27] and another from an atrium in the garden at Via Dell'Abbondanza. As subsequent history would show, the bikini was more than a skimpy garment. [105] Though size makes all the difference in a bikini,[106] early bikinis often covered the navel. [249] Howard Hughes designed a push-up bra to be worn by Jane Russell in The Outlaw in 1943, although Russell stated in interviews that she never wore the 'contraption'. In the United States, the modest two-piece made its appearance during World War II, when wartime rationing of fabric saw the removal of the skirt panel and other superfluous material. For women, bikini or bikini-style underwear is underwear that is similar in size and form to a regular bikini. Heather Busin Prefers One-piece", Bollywood's 10 hottest actresses of all time, Swimsuits take some inspiration from the past, "Photos: On this day July 5, 1946 the first bikini goes on sale", A Campus Buzzes With Protest and Political Debate, "Bikini, Facebook and school policies: A complex legal maze", 'Sexist' Cambridge University jelly wrestling cancelled, Cambridge jelly wrestling 'tradition' is no more, Bikini Wrestling Gets Canned at Cambridge, Cambridge jelly wrestling event cancelled after online petition, "Cambridge University Jelly Wrestling Competition Canceled After Petition Calls Event 'Sexist', "Gwyneth Paltrow's Kid Bikinis Cause Uproar", "South Carolina Police Arrest Four Women for Wearing Thong Bikinis at Myrtle Beach", "Here's the bikini-clad Pam Anderson ad the UK won't let you see", "Pamela Anderson Ad Banned in Britain for Being "Sexist and Degrading to Women", Bikini Science -- A Comprehensive History of the Bikini and Species of Swimwear, Cole of California and history of the bikini, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_bikini&oldid=1164968432, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 12 July 2023, at 06:03. [118], In 1962, Bond Girl Ursula Andress emerged from the sea wearing a white bikini in Dr. No. Survey finds age a factor in fashion", The English is Coming! [66] He introduced his design to the media and public on July 5, 1946, in Paris[67] at Piscine Molitor, a public pool in Paris. [18] According to archeologist George M.A. [2] Despite significant social resistance, Rard received more than 50,000 letters from fans. [48], Wartime production during World War II required vast amounts of cotton, silk, nylon, wool, leather, and rubber. When his sales stalled, Rard went back to designing and selling orthodox knickers. However, on July 5, 1946 the modern day bikini was officially invented by a mechanical engineer names Louis Rard. [165][166][167][168][169] In June 2013, actress Gwyneth Paltrow, who also is interested in fashion, produced a bikini for her clothing line that is designed to be worn by girls 4 to 8 years old. A group of remote islands, the atoll took its name from a local word, pikinni, which meant coconut place.. [93], Increasingly common glamour shots of popular actresses and models on either side of the Atlantic played a large part in bringing the bikini into the mainstream. 1946 Bikini introduced To continue watching video, please disable your ad blocking software and reload the page. [23], The "bikini girls" from Piazza Armerina, some of whom sport the braless look of the late 20th century, do not depict any propensity of such popularity in style. [10] In the artwork "Coronation of the Winner" done in floor mosaic in the Chamber of the Ten Maidens (Sala delle Dieci Ragazze in Italian[11]) the bikini girls are depicted weight-lifting, discus throwing, and running. [149], While the name "bikini" was at first applied only to beachwear that revealed the wearer's navel, today the fashion industry considers any two-piece swimsuit a bikini. [38][39] But, Harper's Bazaar wrote in June 1920 (vol. Observation of artifacts and experiments shows bands had to be wrapped several times around the breasts, largely to flatten them in a style popular with flappers in the 1920s. Sports bikinis have gained popularity since the 1990s. In 1907, Australian swimmer and performer Annette Kellerman was arrested on a Boston beach for wearing a form-fitting sleeveless one-piece knitted swimming tights that covered her from neck to toe, a costume she adopted from England,[34] although it became accepted swimsuit attire for women in parts of Europe by 1910. In 1951, Eric Morley organized the Festival Bikini Contest, a beauty contest and swimwear advertising opportunity at that year's Festival of Britain. He noticed that women were rolling the edges of their swimwear to improve their tans and this gave them the worlds smallest swimsuit yet! [148] By 2005, it became usual for actors in Indian films to change outfits a dozen times in a single song starting with a chiffon sari and ending up wearing a bikini[149] but, when Tagore was the chairperson of the Central Board of Film Certification in 2005, she expressed concerns about the rise of the bikini in Indian films. By 1988, the two-piece sensation accounted for nearly 20% of swimwear sales and it remains beloved today. The bikini gradually grew to gain wide acceptance in Western society. Pin-up posters of Monroe, Mansfield, Hayworth, Bardot and Raquel Welch also contributed significantly to its increasing popularity. The first underwire bra was developed in 1938. [213] For men, the dress code specifies "swim trunks only (no shorts, cut-off pants, or Speedos). Evidence of bikini-style women's clothing has been found as early as 5600 BC, and the history of the bikini can be traced back to that era. [50] The 1938 invention of the Telescopic Watersuit in shirred elastic cotton ushered into the end the era of wool. Clothing designer Louis Rard introduced his new, smaller design in July. [23] The Language Report, compiled by lexicographer Susie Dent and published by the Oxford University Press (OUP) in 2003, considers lexicographic inventions like bandeaukini and camkini, two variants of the tankini, important to observe. The winners earned titles like Miss Body Beautiful, Miss Physical Fitness and Miss Americana, and also presented trophies to the winners of the men's contest. [62], Swimwear of the 1940s, 50s and early 60s followed the silhouette mostly from the early 1930s. Life magazine had a photo essay on the Moonlight Buoy and wrote, "The name of the suit, of course, suggests the nocturnal conditions under which nude swimming is most agreeable. In May 2011, a council by-law in Barcelona, Spain made it illegal to wear bikinis in public except in areas near the beaches. [85] Catholic-majority countries like Belgium, Italy, Spain and Australia also banned the swimsuit that same year. Alternative swimwear fabrics such as velvet, leather, and crocheted squares surfaced in the early 1970s. The size of the top and bottom can vary, from bikinis that offer full coverage of the breasts, pelvis, and buttocks, to more revealing designs with a thong or G-string bottom that covers only the mons pubis, but exposes the buttocks, and a top that covers only the areolae. [28] Naples National Archaeological Museum, which opened its limited viewing gallery of more explicit exhibits in 2000, also exhibits a "Venus in Bikini". [56] As skin cancer awareness grew and a simpler aesthetic defined fashion in the 1990s, sales of the skimpy bikini decreased dramatically. [47], By the 1930s, necklines plunged at the back, sleeves disappeared and sides were cut away and tightened. [42] The swimsuit apron, a design for early swimwear, disappeared by 1918, leaving a tunic covering the shorts. WebHistory of swimwear Swimmers depicted in the satirical magazine Le Suprme Bon Ton. [200] At the 2006 Asian Games at Doha, Qatar, only one Muslim country Iraq fielded a team in the beach volleyball competition because of concerns that the uniform was inappropriate. For instructions, click here. [17], Charles Seltman, a fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, curator of the Archaeology Museum there and an editor of The Cambridge Ancient History, illustrated a chapter titled "The new woman" in his book Women in Antiquity with a 1950s model wearing an identical bikini against the 4th-century mosaics from Piazza Armerina as part of a sisterhood between the bikini-clad female athletes of ancient Greco-Romans and modern woman. Film historian Bruce Goldstein described her clothes in the first film as "It's a loincloth open up the side. [29] However, the Naples National Archaeological Museum is keen to stress that this statue actually depicts her Greek counterpart Aphrodite as she is about to untie her sandal, a common theme among other works depicting Aphrodite. [120], By 2017, the global swimwear market was valued at US$18,5 billion with a compound annual growth rate of 6.2%. [156] The world's most expensive bikini, made up of over 150 carats (30g) of flawless diamonds and worth a massive 20 million, was designed in February 2006 by Susan Rosen. She was criticized for sexualizing young children by Claude Knight of Kidscape, a British foundation that strives to prevent child abuse. [243], Swimwear and underwear have similar design considerations, both being form-fitting garments. "[208], Sports journalism expert Kimberly Bissell conducted a study on the camera angles used during the 2004 Summer Olympics beach volleyball games. [20] Over time the "kini family" (as dubbed by author William Safire[21]), including the "ini sisters" (as dubbed by designer Anne Cole[22]), expanded into a variety of swimwear including the monokini (also known as a numokini or unikini), seekini, tankini, camikini, hikini (also hipkini), minikini, face-kini, burkini, and microkini.

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