See Where We Operate; See how Georgia-Pacific grew from a sawmill into a global company. [195], Prior to the Rose Revolution, Georgia was among the most corrupt countries in the world. [352] Historically, Georgia has been famous for its physical education; the Romans were fascinated with Georgians' physical qualities after seeing the training techniques of ancient Iberia. Georgia (Georgian: , romanized: sakartvelo, IPA:[skrtvl] (listen)) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and West Asia. The 1989 census recorded 341,000 ethnic Russians, or 6.3 per cent of the population,[288] 52,000 Ukrainians and 100,000 Greeks in Georgia. Georgia's decision to boost its presence in the coalition forces in Iraq was an important initiative. However, scholars agree that the word is derived from the Karts, one of the proto-Georgian tribes that emerged as a dominant group in ancient times. [257], Georgia's telecommunications infrastructure is ranked the last among its bordering neighbours in the World Economic Forum's Network Readiness Index (NRI) an indicator for determining the development level of a country's information and communication technologies. [180] After its independence from the Soviet Union, Georgia began to develop its own military industry. [267] Other tourist attractions are Cave City, Ananuri Castle/Church, Sighnaghi and Mount Kazbek. Heraclius, who had risen to prominence through the Iranian ranks, was awarded the crown of Kakheti by Nader himself in 1744 for his loyal service to him. [226], Because of its high landscape diversity and low latitude, Georgia is home to about 5,601 species of animals, including 648 species of vertebrates (more than 1% of the species found worldwide) and many of these species are endemics. Saakashvili believed in 2008 that the country is "on the road to becoming a European democracy. In April 2014, Transparency International (TI) Georgia presented a detailed study of the ownership of media outlets that have national coverage or reach a large segment of the population1. With the beginning of perestroika in 1986, the Georgian Soviet leadership proved so incapable of handling the changes that most Georgians, including rank and file communists, concluded that the only way forward was a break from the existing Soviet system. The head of supra is known as tamada. [239] Throughout Georgia's modern history agriculture and tourism have been principal economic sectors, because of the country's climate and topography. [219] This was used as a justification for Russian invasion of Georgia during the 2008 South Ossetia war after which Russia recognized the region's independence. [310], The special status of the Georgian Orthodox Church is officially recognized in the Constitution of Georgia and the Concordat of 2002, although religious institutions are separate from the state. [306][c] The Georgian Orthodox Church is one of the world's most ancient Christian Churches, and claims apostolic foundation by Saint Andrew. 888 pp., Tbilisi, Academy of Science of the Georgian SSR, 1986, Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. and Stalpers, J. 1000 of all 4000 higher plants of Georgia are endemic to this country. [48][49], David suppressed dissent of feudal lords and centralized the power in his hands to effectively deal with foreign threats. Georgian is the primary language of 87.7 per cent of the population, followed by 6.2 per cent speaking Azerbaijani, 3.9 per cent Armenian, 1.2 per cent Russian, and 1 per cent other languages. The only remaining large, low-land forests remain in the Alazani Valley of Kakheti. Thereafter, the kingdom declined and eventually disintegrated under the hegemony of various regional powers, including the Mongols, the Turks, and various dynasties of Persia. ed., Nasmyth, Peter, I. Gagoshidze "The Achaemenid influence in Iberia" Boreas 19. There are several architectural styles for castles, towers, fortifications and churches. This report seeks to contribute to a better . [citation needed] The overall region can be characterized as being made up of various, interconnected mountain ranges (largely of volcanic origin) and plateaus that do not exceed 3,400 metres (11,155ft) in elevation. [296] On the other hand, at least 160,000 Georgians left Abkhazia after the break-out of hostilities in 1993. See our facilities across the United States. Georgian International is one of Simcoe County's most influential companies and recognized names. Other popular sports in 19th century Georgia were polo, and Lelo, a traditional Georgian game very similar to rugby. During the classical era, several independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia, such as Colchis and Iberia. Of them, an estimated 350,000 were killed.[78]. [120][121] Since the war, Georgia has maintained that Abkhazia and South Ossetia are occupied Georgian territories. As with all other post-Soviet states, Georgia faced a severe economic collapse. This electoral imbalance became a key issue of political and civil society strife in the following years. you can select one year to go to the next page. An Arab incursion into western Georgia led by Marwan II, was repelled by Leon I (r. 720740) jointly with his Lazic and Iberian allies in 736. [56], The rulers of regions that remained partly autonomous organized rebellions on various occasions. referred to early western Georgians as Colchians and eastern Georgians as Iberians (Iberoi, in some Greek sources). We collected company information since 1789. The tree line generally ends at around 1,800 metres (5,906ft) and the alpine zone takes over, which in most areas, extends up to an elevation of 3,000 metres (9,843ft) above sea level. [187] As of 2015[update], 31 Georgian servicemen have died in Afghanistan,[188] most during the Helmand campaign. Georgia: in the mountains of poetry 3rd rev. [164] The European Union has identified Georgia as a prospective member,[165] and Georgia has sought membership. Learn more about Georgian International's commitment to giving back. The Likhi Range divides the country into eastern and western halves. Georgia's moderate climate and moist air, influenced by the Black Sea, provide the best conditions for vine cultivation. Later, in July 2014, TI Georgia presented a . [57] Eastern Georgia (Safavid Georgia), composed of the regions of Kartli and Kakheti, had been under Iranian suzerainty since 1555 following the Peace of Amasya signed with neighbouring rivalling Ottoman Turkey. There are two main climatic zones, roughly corresponding to the eastern and western parts of the country. [86] The revolution was led by Mikheil Saakashvili, Zurab Zhvania and Nino Burjanadze, former members and leaders of Shevardnadze's ruling party. This made it easy for the remaining Georgian realms to fall victim to the early Muslim conquests in 645, the 7th century. The native name is Sakartvelo (; 'land of Kartvelians'), derived from the core central Georgian region of Kartli, recorded from the 9th century, and in extended usage referring to the entire medieval Kingdom of Georgia by the 13th century. [246] Of factors contributing to HDI, education had the most positive influence[247] as Georgia ranks in the top quintile in terms of education. To this end, the parties of a project establish associated companies where GOGC owns equity. [118] The Georgian government severed diplomatic relations with Russia. In August 2004, the Individual Partnership Action Plan of Georgia was submitted officially to NATO. [62], On 22 December 1800, Tsar Paul I of Russia, at the alleged request of the Georgian King George XII, signed the proclamation on the incorporation of Georgia (Kartli-Kakheti) within the Russian Empire, which was finalized by a decree on 8 January 1801,[63][64] and confirmed by Tsar Alexander I on 12 September 1801. The country has sizeable hydropower resources. [148], In February 2021, Irakli Garibashvili became Prime Minister of Georgia, following the resignation of Prime Minister Giorgi Gakharia. [329] Georgian culture was influenced by Classical Greece, the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the various Iranian empires (notably the Achaemenid, Parthian, Sassanian, Safavid, and Qajar empires),[330][331][332][333] and later, since the 19th century, by the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. This method of cultivation is called maglari. [249] As a result, budget revenues have increased fourfold and a once large budget deficit has turned into a surplus. They never reached Georgia, however, and almost 700,000 Georgians fought in the Red Army to repel the invaders and advance towards Berlin. Russian rule offered the Georgians security from external threats, but it was also often heavy-handed and insensitive. [70] Following the annexation of eastern Georgia, the western Georgian kingdom of Imereti was annexed by Tsar Alexander I. [30], Archaeological evidence indicates that Georgia has been the site of wine production since at least 6,000 BC, which over time played a role in forming Georgia's culture and national identity. Bidzina Ivanishvili's business in Russia. The biggest part, 72% of the military budget is allocated for maintaining defence forces readiness and potency development. Invasions continued, giving the kingdom no time for restoration, with both Black and White sheep Turkomans constantly raiding its southern provinces. [208] Georgian opposition leader Nino Burjanadze said the accusations of planning a coup were baseless, and that the protesters' actions were legitimate. [73] The Menshevik Social Democratic Party of Georgia won the parliamentary election and its leader, Noe Zhordania, became prime minister. In 2016-2017, this amount exceeded GEL 1 million; Five co-owners of LTD Polimeri and Polimeri 1, contributed a total of GEL 400,000 to the ruling party in 2016-2017. 19 October, 2015. The coup was instigated by part of the National Guards and a paramilitary organization called "Mkhedrioni" ("horsemen"). The zone is made up mainly of beech, spruce, and fir forests. [82] Eduard Shevardnadze (Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1985 to 1991) returned to Georgia in 1992 and was elected as head of state in that year's elections, and as president in 1995. Georgia is developing into an international transport corridor through Batumi and Poti ports, BakuTbilisiKars Railway line, an oil pipeline from Baku through Tbilisi to Ceyhan, the BakuTbilisiCeyhan pipeline (BTC) and a parallel gas pipeline, the South Caucasus Pipeline. Headquarters. The extinction of the Iberian royal dynasties, such as Guaramids and the Chosroids,[42] and also the Abbasid preoccupation with their own civil wars and conflict with the Byzantine Empire, led to the Bagrationi family's growth in prominence. [268], Today transport in Georgia is provided by rail, road, ferry, and air. [214], Georgia is administratively divided into 9 regions, 1 capital region, and 2 autonomous republics. Greg Abbott's buoy barrier is in the commission's spotlight. [281][c] The population declined by 40,000 in 2021, a reversal of the trend towards stabilisation of the last decade and, for the first time since independence, the population was recorded to be below 3.7 million. As the largest faction, having secured 90 out of 150 seats, Georgian Dream formed the country's next government and continued to govern alone. Georgian scripts, three scripts used to write the language. The country's Western orientation soon led to worsening relations with Russia, which culminated in the Russo-Georgian War of 2008, and entrenched Russian occupation of a portion of Georgia. [33] In the 4th century BC, a kingdom of Iberia an early example of advanced state organization under one king and an aristocratic hierarchy was established. [344] The Georgian folk song "Chakrulo" was one of 27 musical compositions included on the Voyager Golden Records that were sent into space on Voyager 2 on 20 August 1977. At Georgian International, we consider our culture to be one of our . [citation needed], Georgian ecclesiastic art is one of the most notable aspects of Georgian Christian architecture, which combines the classical dome style with the original basilica style, forming what is known as the Georgian cross-dome style. [298], The most widespread language group is the Kartvelian family, which includes Georgian, Svan, Mingrelian and Laz. Western Georgia's forests consist mainly of deciduous trees below 600 metres (1,969ft) above sea level and contain species such as oak, hornbeam, beech, elm, ash, and chestnut. Western Georgia's landscape ranges from low-land marsh-forests, swamps, and temperate rainforests to eternal snows and glaciers, while the eastern part of the country even contains a small segment of semi-arid plains. For the U.S. state, see, The country's name likely derives from Persian, Toggle Government and politics subsection, Largest cities or towns in Georgia (country). View Company Info for Free. [220] Georgia considers the regions as occupied by Russia. [93][94] A bomb explosion on 1 August 2008 targeted a car transporting Georgian peacekeepers. The Constitution of Georgia guarantees freedom of speech. Archaeological research demonstrates that Georgia has been involved in commerce with many lands and empires since ancient times, largely due its location on the Black Sea and later on the historical Silk Road. There is also a certified specialist's programme that represents a single-level higher education programme lasting from three to six years. In the early 4th century, ethnic Georgians officially adopted Christianity, which contributed to the spiritual and political unification of the early Georgian states. [282][e] Most of them were deported during World War II.[285]. Salome Zurabishvili is the current President of Georgia after winning 59.52% of the vote in the 2018 Georgian presidential election. In June 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union on an immediate course towards Caucasian oil fields and munitions factories. [291] Initially the out-migration was driven by non-Georgian ethnicities but increasing numbers of Georgians emigrated as well,[292] due to the war, the crisis-ridden 1990s, and the subsequent bad economic outlook. Much of eastern Georgia experiences hot summers (especially in the low-lying areas) and relatively cold winters. South Ossetians were responsible for instigating this incident, which marked the opening of hostilities and injured five Georgian servicemen, then several South Ossetian militiamen were killed by snipers. [253] 2015 calculations place Georgia's nominal GDP at US$13.98billion. tazo kupreishvili Nata Dzvelishvili The above research lists Georgian-based companies owned by Russian citizens in accordance with the sectors, and contains the analysis of how and when various objects went under their ownership. Though the reference to Saint George is etymlogically wrong, it is used by the symbols of the present-day republic. According to the 1926 census there were 27,728 Jews in Georgia. The species number of invertebrates is considered to be very high but data is distributed across a high number of publications. [218], In both Abkhazia and South Ossetia large numbers of people had been given Russian passports, some through a process of forced passportization by Russian authorities. [107][98] Abkhaz forces opened a second front on 9 August with the Battle of the Kodori Valley, an attack on the Kodori Gorge, held by Georgia. After the Russian Revolution in 1917, Georgia emerged as an independent republic under German protection. Prominent features of the area include the Javakheti Volcanic Plateau, lakes, including Tabatskuri and Paravani, as well as mineral water and hot springs. Georgian International is a company that operates in the Airlines/Aviation industry. It was an "official" reason, but instability of economic relations with Russia is well known, as they use the economic ties for political purposes. [202] Georgia has ratified the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in 2005. [93][96][97][98][99], On 7 August 2008, the Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili announced a unilateral ceasefire and called for peace talks. The Kingdom of Georgia reached its zenith in the 12th to early 13th centuries. [27] The earliest evidence of wine to date has been found in Georgia, where 8,000-year old wine jars were uncovered. [346], Georgia is one of the oldest wine-producing countries in the world. [269] Positioned in the Caucasus and on the coast of the Black Sea, Georgia is a key country through which energy imports to the European Union from neighbouring Azerbaijan pass. [95][96] South Ossetian separatists began shelling Georgian villages on 1 August. [104] According to Georgian intelligence and several Russian media reports, parts of the regular (non-peacekeeping) Russian Army had already moved to South Ossetian territory through the Roki Tunnel before the Georgian military action. We are known for our uncompromising commitment to growth and profitability, and for making a positive contribution to the communities in which we operate. "[23] The Georgian language version of the constitution refers to the legal name of country as Georgian: Sakartvelo. It was not until around 2010 that parts of the system became reliable again. Its root, kartvel-i (-), specifies an inhabitant of the core central-eastern Georgian region of Kartli, or Iberia as it is known in sources of the Eastern Roman Empire. Between 2000 and 2019, Georgia's HDI score improved by 17.7%. Announces New Military Assistance Program for Georgia", "Why was Georgia not granted EU candidate status? [175] In June 2014, the EU and Georgia signed an Association Agreement, which entered into force on 1 July 2016. [345], Georgian cuisine and wine have evolved through the centuries, adapting traditions in each era. Saakashvili led the country from 2004 to 2013 but was later convicted in absentia on corruption charges and abuse of power, which he denied. [146] This led to a new political crisis that was (temporarily) resolved with an EU brokered agreement,[147] from which the Georgian Dream later withdrew. In Greek mythology, Colchis was the location of the Golden Fleece sought by Jason and the Argonauts in Apollonius Rhodius' epic tale Argonautica. Coniferous forests only dominate in the Borjomi Gorge and in the extreme western areas. Pyotr Bagration, one of the descendants of the abolished house of Bagrationi, would later join the Russian army and rise to be a prominent general in the Napoleonic wars. [340][341], Television, magazines, and newspapers in Georgia are all operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on advertising, subscription, and other sales-related revenues. In the early 9th century the Abkhazian Church broke away from Constantinople and recognized the authority of the Catholicate of Mtskheta; the Georgian language replaced Greek as the language of literacy and culture. After Stalin's death, Nikita Khrushchev became the leader of the Soviet Union and implemented a policy of de-Stalinization. [272] Additional projects also include the construction of the economically important KarsTbilisiBaku railway, which was opened on 30 October 2017 and connects much of the Caucasus with Turkey by standard gauge railway. The country covers an area of 69,700 square kilometres (26,900sqmi), and has a population of 3.7 million people. [334], This long history has provided a national narrative which encompasses the successful preservation of unique culture and identity in a consistent territory, despite external pressures. In general, the forests in eastern Georgia occur between 5002,000 metres (1,6406,562ft) above sea level, with the alpine zone extending from 2,0002,300 to 3,0003,500 metres (6,5627,546 to 9,84311,483ft). [138] Ivanishvili has since been called the informal leader of Georgia, arranging political reappointments from behind the scenes. [237] It had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 7.79/10, ranking it 31st globally out of 172 countries.[238]. we are Georgian International. [289] The population of Georgia, including the breakaway regions, has declined by more than 1 million due to net emigration in the period 19902010. [185][186] Over 11,000 Georgian soldiers have been rotated through Afghanistan. [226] Christianity and the Georgian language are particularly important national identifiers. [337], Georgia is known for its folklore, traditional music, dances, theatre, cinema, and art. [178], Georgia applied for EU membership on 3 March 2022, soon after the beginning of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. A Limited Partnership (LP) is composed of general partners and limited partners. The sons and grandsons of Ashot I established three separate branches, frequently struggling with each other and with neighbouring rulers. [28][29] Archaeological finds and references in ancient sources also reveal elements of early political and state formations characterized by advanced metallurgy and goldsmith techniques that date back to the 7th century BC and beyond. ["Flora of Spore Producing Plants of Georgia (Summary)"]. [75] In 1920 Soviet Russia recognized Georgia's independence with the Treaty of Moscow. Boeder; et al. In 19181919, Georgian general Giorgi Mazniashvili led an attack against the White Army led by Moiseev and Denikin in order to claim the Black Sea coastline from Tuapse to Sochi and Adler for the independent Georgia. [357], Basketball was always one of the notable sports in Georgia, and Georgia had a few very famous Soviet Union national team members, such as Otar Korkia, Mikheil Korkia, Zurab Sakandelidze and Levan Moseshvili. Georgia is a representative democracy governed as a unitary parliamentary republic. The Georgian railways represent an important transport artery for the Caucasus, as they make up the largest proportion of a route linking the Black and Caspian Seas. [259] Georgia was ranked 63rd in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, down from 48th in 2019. ", "Ruling party in Georgia decisively wins parliament vote", "Georgian government offers concessions to end crisis", "Transparency International urges dialogue with civil society during political crisis in Georgia", "Georgian Dream, Opposition Reach Consensus over Electoral Reform", "Georgia elects Salome Zurabishvili as first woman president", "Georgia protests: Tbilisi police fire water cannon at demonstrators", "New EU Proposal: Amnesty for Rurua, Melia, 2022 Snap Polls if GD Gets Less than 43% in Locals", "President Michel to Start Consultations after GD's EU-Brokered Deal Withdrawal", "Mikheil Saakashvili: Georgian ex-president arrested returning from exile", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Relations between Georgia and the Republic of France", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Relations between Georgia and the Federal Republic of Germany", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Relations between Georgia and the State of Israel", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Relations between Georgia and Japan", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Visa Information for Foreign Citizens", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Turkey", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Relations between Georgia and Ukraine", "Relations Between Georgia and the United States of America", "U.S. Gamsakhurdia stoked Georgian nationalism and vowed to assert Tbilisi's authority over regions such as Abkhazia and South Ossetia that had been classified as autonomous within the Georgian SSR. The threshold for the proportional vote was lowered to 1%, which resulted in 9 parties being represented in parliament. The country plans to host 11 million visitors by 2025 with annual revenues reaching US$6.6 billion. [225] Historically, the western portion of Georgia was known as Colchis while the eastern plateau was called Iberia.[226]. These artillery bombardments caused Georgian servicemen to return fire periodically. "Film is a very international industry. This came under criticism from human rights activists[210] and led to protests. [233] According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, there are 4,300 species of vascular plants in Georgia. [140] Most of Georgian Dream's coalition parties had left the coalition and landed outside of parliament. Since the fall of the USSR in 1991, Georgia embarked on a major structural reform designed to transition to a free market economy. Who is Georgian International. Most countries consider the regions to be Georgian territory under Russian occupation. The territory of modern-day Georgia was inhabited by Homo erectus since the Paleolithic Era. [236], Georgia is home to four ecoregions: Caucasus mixed forests, Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests, Eastern Anatolian montane steppe, and Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe. JSC Georgian Oil and Gas Corporation (GOGC) is a diversified company with business activities in various segments of energy. Alexander Mikaberidze wrote that these century-old explanations for the word Georgia/Georgians are rejected by the scholarly community, who point to the Persian word gur/gurn (, 'wolf'[17]) as the root of the word. It employs 101-250 people and has $250M-$500M of revenue. Tamaz Gaiashvili In this interview, below, Georgian Airways president and owner Tamaz Gaiashvili reveals further details of the expansion plans to Russian Aviation Insider's sister publication ATO.ru. Tbilisi is home to several major institutions of higher education in Georgia, notably the Tbilisi State Medical University, which was founded as Tbilisi Medical Institute in 1918, and the Tbilisi State University (TSU), which was established in 1918 and remains the oldest university in the entire Caucasus region. [273][274], Air and maritime transport is developing in Georgia, with the former mainly used by passengers and the latter for transport of freight. The Upper Svaneti fortifications, and the castle town of Shatili in Khevsureti, are some of the finest examples of medieval Georgian castle architecture. As the automotive pillar within Georgian International's group of companies, Georgian Automotive Group has been in operation since 1981 and owns and operates Georgian Buick GMC, one of Canada's largest General Motors dealerships, and was awarded the #1 Volume Dealer & Truck Retailer in Canada for 2016.

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