A boundary can be of more than one type: for example, both geometric and superimposed. Once we pick apart the domestic and external parts of the equation, the mysterious mismatch raised by my Chinese friend becomes understandable: weakness on one side is compensated for by strength on the other. Food deserts are areas with little or no access to healthy and affordable food or limited or no access to fresh fruits and vegetables. Internal struggle increased likelihood of religious, ethnic, or tribal conflict. Define colonialism. Right now, it is the superiors. The Berlin Conference of 18841885 is often cited as the starting point for the partition of Africa by European colonial powers. If Beijing dominates East Asia, it would be in a very strong position to dominate not only the world, but it will also have a controlling influence over roughly half of the global economy. Strategies to address the impacts of superimposed boundaries include redrawing borders to better reflect cultural, linguistic, and religious differences, promoting regional integration, and promoting cross-border cooperation. In the redistricting that occurred in 2012, voters in Maryland approved a redrawn Third Congressional District, as shown in the map above. The three political or cultural consequences of superimposed boundaries in Africa are as follow: Internal struggle -- increased likelihood of religious, ethnic, or tribal conflict. The only moral with any certitude I can draw from this story is that we might need to listen more seriously to Chinese peoples views about their own governments powers. How. However, China claims that its intentions are entirely peaceful. Identify three examples of walls or other barriers built by countries in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. African countries had . Using the chart shown, select a country of origin; then identify and explain ONE reason why refugees have left the country. The number of states in the world has grown to approximately 200. Describe three political or cultural consequences of superimposed boundaries inAfrica. These boundaries were often drawn without regard for the existing ethnic, linguistic, or cultural divisions within Africa. B) Using one specific example for both Africa and Southwest Asia (total of two), describe in detail how superimposed boundaries have contributed to political unrest and confrontation. If American interests are put aside, America will never come to help Taiwan because, first, the US has a history of running away in such situations. These cookies do not store any personal information. The US views its alliance with Taiwan as part of its broader strategy to maintain a balance of power in the region. JavaScript is disabled for your browser. One of the most well-known examples of a superimposed boundary is the border between India and Pakistan. One significant element of human geography is the study of boundaries and borders, which can shape and define the social, political, and economic landscape of a region. The Chinese Ministry of Defense announced that former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger visited Beijing to meet with Chinese Defense Minister Li Changfu. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. A superimposed boundary is a boundary that is imposed on an area by an outside power without consideration for the pre-existing ethnic, cultural, linguistic, or religious groups in that area. It was a great chance for the Rivals of China to hit it where it hurts. Describe three political or cultural consequences of superimposed boundaries in Africa. Edge cities are large centers of development on the urban periphery. C. Identify an area where there is a current border dispute . They help to establish the sovereignty of a state and its authority over its territory. Securing legal protections for sexual minorities is agonizingly slow in a country playing catch-up. Third, superimposed boundaries can lead to conflict and tension, particularly if they cut across cultural and ethnic groups. Superimposed boundaries are a type of boundary that has played a crucial role in the history of human geography. They can also lead to the loss of cultural identity and traditions as people are forced to assimilate to a new culture or language. China sees the presence of the US on the island as a security threat and considers its independence a challenge to its territorial integrity, so the Chinese government wants to establish control over Taiwan to eliminate this security threat and protect its maritime borders. The analysis of the Global Times newspaper, which is close to the ruling Communist Party in China, came to Kissingers visit, emphasizing his desire to restore Sino-American relations, and encouraging Americans to work for world stability and a broader understanding of other countries such as China. They provide structure and organization, and without them, our world would be in chaos. View, About Outsiders are getting edgy about evidence of Chinas increased international influence, its rising military expenditure, and what is seen as assertiveness toward neighbors like Japan. WSJ: Russia notched a victory over Western oil sanctions, Slaughterhouse Myanmar: Field Notes from Dystopia, Legitimizing Crypto in Indonesia: A Game-Changer for Global Finance. Finally, promoting cross-border cooperation between communities that share superimposed boundaries can help to reduce tension and promote peace. There is evidence both for and against the idea that the Great Wall is a superimposed boundary. we will explore this topic in detail and try to answer this question once and for all. Discuss the following three factors that contributed to the rise of such industrial regions. Asia, South It shows that the leaders only cared about the political requirements and reinforce inner control ignoring the damages it can have on the geopolitical or the economic situation of the country. But, other American circles emphasized that Kissinger went to China as a private citizen. The boundary between North and South Korea is a superimposed boundary created after the Second World War. Money, Tokyo Kissingers current and contested trip to China during the 1970s has been codenamed Marco Polo, meaning: his mission was as unknown and unpredictable as an incomprehensible adventure. One of those types is the superimposed boundary. Chinese President Xi Jinping meets with former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger at the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing, capital of China, July 20, 2023. In such areas, people's allegiance to the state is often challenged by tribal and ethnic loyalties, and political . The Chinese, after all, are closest to the action, and are the people most likely to be qualified to make a judgment on this. They can disrupt existing cultural, social, and economic structures, leading to conflict and tension. For each of the following THREE categories, describe ONE obstacle that may prevent women working in agriculture from achieving greater gender equality and empowerment. According to his words, The American people needed a vision of peace in the relationship with Beijing, analyzing that the pressure exerted by Russia to prevent rapprochement between Beijing and Washington is one of the reasons for the tension. C. Identify and explain one challenge landlocked African countries face in developing viable economies. The eastward extension to Surabaya may make economic sense, but Jakarta should first learn from the troubles faced during the construction of the Jakarta-Bandung line. This is something that China welcomes across its political circles. When the European empires were dividing up Africa into colonies, and later into independent states, they created "superimposed boundaries." "Superimposed boundaries" are political barriers drawn in an area with complete disregard for the cultural, religious, and ethnic divisions within the people living there. Identify the world region on the map with the highest rates of natural increase. Explain two reasons why shifting cultivation is expected to diminish during the twenty-first century. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Resource disputes over things like water and gold began to arise as well as border issues. According to some experts, the Taiwan issue is one of several flashpoints in the US-China relationship, and over the island, the two superpowers are drifting toward war. A first stab at an answer could have argued that the mismatch comes from trying to discuss two separate things. Identify and explain ONE reason why some countries are governed as federal states. It was also built over a long period of time, and the various sections were connected gradually over the centuries. First, they are often created without regard to the cultural, linguistic, and ethnic boundaries that existed before. Diplomatic in a sense that the world had witnessed the massive protest in Hong Kong and a little later China decided to implement the National security Bill just gathered the Attention of the supranational actors and countries. Define the concept of agglomeration and explain its role in the continuing expansion of such regions. C. Identify and explain one challenge landlocked African countries face in developing viable economies. This ambiguity about such a major actor is unnerving. The creation of new countries has been possible as a result of devolutionary forces. Or two, the Chinese have been hoodwinked by the plotting of their clever leaders, who have managed to conceal their true power from the people. A superimposed boundary is a boundary that has been imposed on an area by an outside or conquering power. Due to the superimposed boundaries there will not be much land for these people to practice this because it is not theirs. (1) Internal struggle -- increased likelihood of religious, ethnic, or tribal conflict. Describe ONE negative impact of edge city development on the environment. These boundaries have made it difficult for countries to develop strong regional economies, as they are often unable to trade with their neighbors due to political instability and conflict. To maintain this war, the United States has sold weapons and other military equipment to Taiwan and has maintained a military presence in the region. Superimposed boundaries have several characteristics that distinguish them from other types of boundaries. Colonial powers often drew arbitrary borders, dividing pre-existing communities, and consolidating their power over the land and people. The map above shows areas of shifting cultivation, a form of subsistence agriculture. There are several examples of superimposed boundaries in human geography. I am currently in my 3rd year of Bachelors in International Relations from National Defence University, Islamabad. Climate change may be a greater threat to China's long-term prosperity than its leaders recognize. During this conference, European leaders met to carve up the continent into spheres of influence, with little regard for the existing political or cultural landscape. They define who we are, where we come from, and what we can do. Define superimposed boundaries. Superimposed boundaries can have a significant impact on the distribution of resources. Define the concept of a superimposed boundary. The findings reveal the potential and limits of the regime's propaganda and indoctrination, showing how persuasion works and among which segment of the population it works best. The dominance of fixed political boundaries to separate territories is a 17th-century European innovation part of the Westphalian system. These 50 years ensure Hong Kong to enjoy the freedom under the China security Umbrella. Identify and explain a specific way in which each of the following TWO United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are intended to affect infant mortality rates in a rural community in South Asia. Therefore, Henry Kissinger warned against entering into a second cold war, because it would be more dangerous than the first from his point of view, while respecting Kissingers point of view, it is not worth waiting for China to become Western-leaning. On one hand, the wall was built by the Chinese themselves, rather than by an outside force. The relations between Taiwan and China worsened quickly following a visit to the island by the Speaker of the US House of Representatives, Nancy Pelosi, in August 2022. Its a sign of weakness, not strength. Discuss ONE political, ONE social, and ONE environmental reason why refugees flee their country of origin. They can be natural or artificial and can be defined by physical features such as rivers, mountains, and oceans, or by political and economic factors such as culture, language, and religion. The boundary between Israel and Palestine is also a superimposed boundary, created after the First World War by the British Mandate. Superimposed boundaries often cut across ethnic, linguistic, and cultural groups, leading to conflicts and tensions that can persist for many years. This is due in part to the fact that many African countries are made up of numerous ethnic groups that have little in common with each other, leading to a lack of national identity and a weakened sense of citizenship. This approach can help to reduce tensions and promote cooperation between nations. Describe three political or cultural consequences of superimposed boundaries in Africa. The model shown is known as the galactic city model, sometimes described as the contemporary urban model of the North American metropolitan area. The policy of openness to China during the period of President Nixon and his adviser at the time Kissinger was a smart policy on both sides, and helped win the Cold War and changed Chinas relationship with the United States of America and even the world at large during that era, thanks to the policy of fundamental re-evaluation of American policies on China, and the adoption of a new principle in American foreign policy, called the marriage of geopolitical interest between Washington and Beijing, which was approved in 1971. General Instructions for Assignments and Rubrics Your essay must follow standard essay formatting and structure as follows: What are three political or cultural consequences of superimposed boundaries in Africa? Identify and explain two ways that the Interstate Highway System affected cities in the United States between 1950 and today. The Great Wall of China is one of the most iconic landmarks in the world, but its origin and purpose have long been the subject of debate. I am also volunteering at the Wall of Hope and serving as a member for their Welfare Wing. For example, the boundary between France and Spain follows the peaks of the Pyrenees mountains. Second, China is a nuclear power that can retaliate against the US and its bases in the Asia-Pacific by effectively using the effective countermeasures China has more recently developed. Describe three political or cultural consequences of superimposed boundaries in Africa. Here are some of the ways in which geometric boundaries are important: Geometric boundaries are important for political reasons as they define the territories of countries and states. Us, Write European countries have experienced an increase in Muslim population in recent decades. In this article, we will delve into the concept of a superimposed boundary, its significance, and the implications of its existence in various aspects of our lives. (2) External struggle-- increased likelihood of international, regional or cross border conflict (3) migration--may increase number of refugees or IDP's traditional or . Geometric boundaries have cultural importance as they can define the boundaries of ethnic groups and linguistic communities. Millions of US military emails leaks to Mali, Structuring Empowerment in Kashmir Four years Since the Abrogation of Article 370, Scandals threaten South African deputy presidents hopes for the top job. In addition to Kissingers earlier indication that China seeks security, not global hegemony, although it seeks to be the superpower in the region and the world, and Kissingers assertion that we are now living in a completely new era, because the geopolitical situation in the world will witness major shifts after the end of the Ukraine war, which must be aware of and realized by both the United States of America and China regarding their confrontation with each other. The superimposed boundaries in Africa have contributed to a range of political challenges, including weak governance, corruption, and the rise of authoritarianism. Here, diplomacy between America and China entered a worrying phase due to the deterioration of relations between the two sides in recent years, due to the visit of Congressional Speaker Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan in August 2022, which led China to raise the pace of its anger, especially after the approval of the (21st Century Trade Initiative) between Washington and the Taiwanese capital, Taipei, in addition to the increase in US military sales to Taiwan. In such a scenario taking such rigid steps brought the world Attention not in the favor of the Country. For each of the categories listed below, discuss a consequence faced by countries as a result of walls or other barriers established along their borders. Many of these conflicts are rooted in ethnic or cultural differences that have been exacerbated by arbitrary borders. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of the complex issue of Taiwan and the tension between the two superpowers over the island. we will discuss the various types of geometric boundaries, their importance, and their impact on society and politics. What are the political or cultural consequences of superimposed boundaries in Africa? Knowing that the administration of President Biden is aware of Kissingers visit to China, and that Chinese officials discussed the matter with Secretary of State Anthony Blinken while he was in Beijing last June. This division has led to ongoing conflict and instability in the region. China used the coincidental and the inflamed nationalism for its own benefit. Dialogue and negotiation are essential in managing superimposed boundaries and preventing conflict and tension. Add your answer and earn points. In fact, looking at it dispassionately, all this effort spent keeping tabs on Chinese students and academics thousands of miles away, if true, bespeaks an immense insecurity and paranoia on the part of the Chinese government. Report, Trans-Pacific Improper border design and the partitioning of ethnic groups have contributed to underdevelopment, and instability in African states. Discuss TWO reasons, other than language, why Canada does not fit the nation-state concept. External struggle-- increased likelihood of international, regional or cross border conflict. Explain how bilingualism can have a positive impact on a country. They can affect trade relations between neighboring countries and states, and can also affect the distribution of natural resources such as oil and gas. Kissinger also recorded a word for history for the Chinese, by asserting that: during half a century, Taiwan developed economically and politically, under peace with China, without the United States adopting the existence of an independent state in Taiwan, which is a statement welcomed by China. Recently China decided to take some bold steps as it decided to intrude and intervene in the political system practiced In the Hong Kong which seems to a crackdown by Mainland China against its opposition. (3 points total) Answer: (rubric below) Part C: IDENTIFY and EXPLAIN ONE challenge landlocked African countries face in developing viable economies. The infant mortality rate is a key demographic indicator that can be used to assess social, economic, and other conditions at multiple geographic scales. The superimposed boundaries in Africa have also had environmental consequences, contributing to deforestation, desertification, and the depletion of natural resources. Many developed countries have deindustrialized and are transitioning to a postindustrial economy. Identify the predominant ranges of the infant mortality rate found in South Asia and in western Europe. They can also affect the movement of people and the spread of cultural practices. Rivers, mountain ranges, oceans, and deserts are examples. Human geography is an essential aspect of understanding the world and the relationship between human societies and the physical environment. Explain ONE positive and ONE negative impact of a unitary system. Identify and explain one social consequence and one economic consequence that countries face as their populations age. Some of these political parties fall under the Pro-democratic camp as they supports the positive reforms in democracy. Rostows five-stage model of economic growth and the core-periphery concept of Wallersteins three-part world system theory are two of the more common economic development models. Click here to subscribe for full access. Get briefed on the story of the week, and developing stories to watch across the Asia-Pacific. No number of IMF packages or foreign bailouts will suffice in keeping the Pakistani economy afloat without the country undergoing a multifaceted structural revamp. In their rhetoric, politicians may emphasize the distinction between the CCP and the people, but this serves to justify increasingly hawkish policies that dont really consider that division. There are other consequences such as the possibility of regional, international, and migration conflict. The impacts of superimposed boundaries on social structures can lead to long-term tension and instability. Identify and explain TWO barriers to diffusion that are often encountered even as new terms become more popular. It ignores all cultural regions of the state People and cultures are divided. However, there are boundaries that are imposed on us, boundaries that we have no control over, and boundaries that have been created without our consent. Describe TWO economic reasons for the level of infant mortality rates in western Europe. This article explores the concept of superimposed boundaries, their history, characteristics, and impacts on human geography. Today, as China and the United States of America rush towards confrontation, the symbolism of Kissingers visit to China comes as an indirect American call to the policy of openness to Beijing, as the true beginning of nearly fifty years of wrongful engagement and hostility between its parties. Over time, these walls were connected and expanded, eventually forming the Great Wall as we know it today. Some historians believe that it was primarily a military fortification, designed to protect China from invading armies from the north. Taiwan holds significant strategic importance in the Asia-Pacific region. Internal struggle -- increased likelihood of religious, ethnic, or tribal conflict. Rectilinear boundaries are created by drawing straight lines that are not necessarily aligned with the cardinal directions. By supporting Taiwan, the US is seeking to counterbalance Chinas growing influence and prevent any single power from dominating the region, which could have significant implications for the US interests because there is a possibility that Chinas control of Taiwan could threaten the US security interests in the region and potentially destabilize the balance of power. Political boundaries mark sharp discontinuities in political jurisdiction, but in Africa few of those discontinuities correspond to the patterns of the socio-cultural environment. This happened due to the constant threat of arrest if they did not comply with the demands and the instruction given by the authorities. Many countries around the world, including Canada, have more than one official language. They would have a hard time reconciling that story with the somewhat hapless image their daily experience of the Chinese state gives them. Explain TWO different reasons for each of the following changes that typically occur as a country develops over time. The United States sees Chinas growing influence in East Asia as a major threat to itself because it challenges Americas position as the worlds superpower. Read on to learn more about how these boundaries can affect us and our communities Boundaries are an essential aspect of our lives, both physical and psychological. Walls and other barriers built by countries to establish their borders are some of the oldest and most controversial elements in the cultural landscape. All over in the history it had been debated that one day Chinese leadership might implement an aggressive foreign policy or even go for a war just for the sake to distract the public and international attention from their domestic issues. The descriptions of this network made it sound like the product of a very well-oiled, sophisticated, and extensive machine. Describe TWO ways supranationalism has affected the functions of international boundaries in Europe. It is important for both China and the US to find a peaceful solution to the Taiwan issue to avoid the risk of military conflict. Identify Countries X, Y, and Z on the map above. These 50 years ensure Hong Kong to enjoy the freedom under the China security Umbrella. Examples of superimposed boundaries include the border between India and Pakistan, the border between Rwanda and Burundi, and the border between Nigeria and Cameroon. Identify and explain TWO reasons that food deserts exist in urban areas within developed countries. The British partitioned India in 1947, dividing the country into two independent nations: India and Pakistan. Today, the boundaries that separate and define Africa's many nations are still based largely on the lines drawn by Europeans. To counteract the inner-city decline, urban planners have embraced New Urbanism and mixed-use development to attract residents back to the city. If you're looking for FRQ questions for specific units, such as Unit 2, do control/command f and search "Unit 2." Describe three political or cultural consequences of superimposed boundaries in Africa. According to the Chinese coverage of Kissingers visit to China, he was viewed as a friend of China and was described as having played a key role in the US rapprochement with China while serving as a national security advisor under the Nixon administration. Describe three political or cultural consequences of superimposed boundaries in Africa. Chinas economic and military growth will allow it to expand its influence across Asia and this has led to concerns that China could one day replace the US as the dominant global power. Superimposed boundaries have far-reaching impacts on the people living in those areas. Geometric boundaries can also be based on other shapes such as triangles and hexagons. What factors lead China take such steps was when the political groups in Hong Kong became more radical and formed Anti-Beijing parties threating the China Position and its control over the Hong Kong? The lifting of the ban on such processions comes as the overall security situation improves in Kashmir, say authorities. This all threaten the Chinese position and control over the Hong Kong and its political setup. Identify and explain one way that railroads affected the size and one way that railroads affected the form of cities in the United States between 1870 and 1920. The high-tech centers of Silicon Valley in California and the Research Triangle in North Carolina developed in the past 40 years. But why would a state where over 100,000 protests erupt every year, and which seems most of the time to be struggling to catch up with its own people, have the commitment and resources to follow events thousands of kilometers away? What countries have superimposed boundaries? Inside China, people are irritated by the problems outlined in the 2009 book Unhappy China a government unable to sort out food safety, smog in the cities, or a decent health system. Focusing on China, this dissertation comprises three essays in which the effectiveness of political persuasion in public education and mass media was examined. Governments and international organizations must work together to manage these boundaries effectively, taking into account the needs and interests of the communities affected by the boundary. Some argue that it was built as a military fortification to defend against invaders, while others claim that it was primarily a symbol of Chinas power and greatness.

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