Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):3391. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82659-6. Heterogeneity across included studies was tested by Q statistic and I2 statistic, which is a quantitative measure of inconsistency assessment. Breast Cancer Res Treat. Similarly, non-fermented dairy products that lack probiotics cannot balance the intestinal microbial community and may not affect BC occurrence. CAS https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-010-9615-5. Praagman J, Franco OH, Ikram MA, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Engberink MF, van Rooij FJA, et al. Nutrients. Studies have shown that lactose and galactose consumption are associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. 2007;18(7):77582. Baseline dairy consumption had a U- or L-shaped age pattern in both urban men and women, with the lowest proportion of regular consumers at 50 to 55 years old. Eleven studies (615,226 participants) explored the impact of low-fat dairy products on BC, including six studies (584,718 participants) grouped by menopause. Many studies have examined the relationship between. Int J Epidemiol. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1999.10718903. baseline history of chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis for liver cancer and female reproductive factors for breast cancer). In addition, there is controversy in the findings of studies regarding the impact of various dairy types (fermented dairy products, high-fat dairy products, etc.) What does the research say? https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21405. Int J Cancer. Rigi S, Mousavi SM, Benisi-Kohansal S, Azadbakht L, Esmaillzadeh A. Bonofiglio D, Giordano C, de Amicis F, Lanzino M, And S. Natural products as promising Antitumoral agents in breast Cancer: mechanisms of action and molecular targets. 2016;8(3):120. Du H, Li L, Bennett D, Yang L, Guo Y, Key TJ, et al. Bangsheng Chen. Consumption of dairy and meat in relation to breast cancer risk in the Black Women's Health Study [Citation 27] Genkinger et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.11373. Associations of dairy consumption with risks of liver cancer, lymphoma and female breast cancer tended to be positive in nearly all of the subgroups, with few statistically significant heterogeneities being observed (P < 0.05, Additional file 1: Fig. Diabetes care 2015;38:264-270. This was chiefly due to the high prevalence of hepatitis B infection and aflatoxins exposure [4, 30] and the emerging roles of smoking and alcohol. Based on the latest GLOBOCAN data, female BC has surpassed lung cancer as cancer with the highest incidence worldwide [5]. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/89.18.1373. The effect of consuming other types of dairy products did not differ by gender. Numerous studies regarding the impact of dairy products on BC risk rates remain inconsistent [38,39,40]. Non-fermented dairy products have no significant effect on BC occurrence (p>0.05). Breast Cancer epidemiology, Prevention, and screening. Tongxiang CDC: Lingli Chen, Qijun Gu, Dongxia Pan, Chunmei Wang, Kaixu Xie, Xiaoyi Zhang. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114500000581. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22717. Int Immunopharmacol. Biol Res. J Dairy Sci. Therefore, we cannot exclude the possibility that inadequate control of potential risk confounders contributed to biased results. Dietary dairy product intake and incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective study using dietary data from a 7-day food diary. Dr. Davaasambuu cited a study comparing diet and cancer rates in 42 countries that showed a strong correlation between milk and cheese consumption and the incidence of testicular cancer among men age 20 to 39 - rates were highest in high consuming countries such as Switzerland and Denmark and low in Algeria and other parts of the world where peo. Econ Hum Biol. In one recent prospective study of 53,000 North-American women [23], dairy intake was positively associated with overall breast cancer risk, with a HR of 1.22 (1.051.40) comparing top vs. bottom deciles of dairy intake, broadly consistent with our study findings. 1995;16(1):334. https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.12586. Adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for liver cancer per 50 g/day of usual dairy intake, with step-wise adjustment. PubMed Central He XJ, Dai RX, Hu CL. Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 associate with risk of colorectal cancer based on serologic and Mendelian randomization analyses. Figure 6. [43] found that BC risk was lower in those with high total consumption of dairy. This cohort included a high proportion of vegetarians and vegans with a much lower average dairy consumption compared to general Western populations [8, 40], similar to our population. Gallagher EJ, LeRoith D. Obesity and diabetes: the increased Risk of Cancer and Cancer-related mortality. In particular, no significant heterogeneity was found across the five urban areas and five rural areas for all three types of cancers (Additional file 1: Fig. All participants provided informed consent. SFA and calcium) or to distinguish the associations of individual dairy items (e.g. Researchers who are interested in obtaining the raw data from the China Kadoorie Biobank study that underlines this paper should contact ckbaccess@ndph.ox.ac.uk. 2016;104(5):126373. Non-fermented dairy products are characterized as those not fermented by microorganisms, such as milk and butter. Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G, Schwedhelm C, Kalle-Uhlmann T, Missbach B, Knppel S, et al. 2010;21(11):187585. Obesity and adverse breast cancer risk and outcome: mechanistic insights and strategies for intervention. Role of cholesterol in the development and progression of breast cancer. Table 2 lists the detailed data. In the present study, we analysed the incidence of all cancers (ICD-10 C00-C97) and 17 common cancer sites (Additional file 1: Table 2). [42] conducted a study on the impact of dairy products on BC and concluded that dairy products increase BC risk, while Emmanuelle Kesse Guyot et al. 2017;35(25):291926. The associations did not materially change in the various sensitivity analyses with further exclusions and further adjustments (Additional file 1: Table 4 and Additional file 1: Fig. The meta-analysis found that consuming dairy products significantly reduces the risk of hormone-receptor-positive BC, either ER+ BC (HR=0.79, p=0.002) or PR+ BC (HR=0.75, p=0.027). CDDF multi-Stakeholder workshop on Impact of the Microbiome on Cancer Growth and Therapy is organized by Cancer Drug Development Forum (CDDF) and will be held from Feb 15 - 16, 2019 at Right of the Isar Hospital, Munich, Bavaria, Germany. Cell Host Microbe. 2013;143(5):67281. Food sources of fat and sex hormone receptor status of invasive breast tumors in women of the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort. The study, conducted by researchers from Oxford Population Health, Peking University, and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing . Upon closer examination, they realized that dairy foods are not one in the same. Purpose The association between dairy intake and mortality remains uncertain, and evidence for the Japanese population is scarce. Figure 4. Murphy N, Knuppel A, Papadimitriou N, Martin RM, Tsilidis KK, Smith-Byrne K, et al. Exclusion criteria: (1) the study had no reference value or control group. However, high-fat dairy products are harmful to female population, without statistically significant difference. Mammary cancer prevention by conjugated dienoic derivative of linoleic acid. Med Hypotheses. Uruguay Eur J Cancer Prev. 2017;8(6):793803. 2020. Dairy, calcium, and vitamin D intake and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the Cancer Prevention study II nutrition cohort. Br J Nutr. When referencing duplicated literature, the original article was included if the studies were published as an abstract and original article. CAS 1999;150(4):34153. 2016;53(1):1523. Among cancers, milk and dairy intake was inversely associated with colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer, and breast cancer, and not associated with risk of pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, or lung cancer, while the evidence for prostate cancer risk was inconsistent. An Objective Look Cancer risk is strongly affected by diet. According to the quality evaluation results of the investigators, 13 studies out of 36 were rated 9 points, 16 studies were rated 8 points, 5 studies were rated 7 points and 2 studies were rated 6 points. Underestimation of risk associations due to regression dilution in long-term follow-up of prospective studies. In women, regular consumers reported a slightly higher proportion of oral contraceptive use and a slightly shorter mean breastfeeding duration (Additional file 1: Table 3). Int J Cancer. The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China, Yujing He,Feifei Zhou,Jiaxuan Xu&Xiangyuan Li, Emergency Medical Center, Ningbo Yinzhou No. Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Diabetologia. 2015;16(5):1172849. Nutr Rev. These were supplemented by annual active follow-up of uninsured participants (~1%) to minimize any underreporting and ensure that the false-negative rate in cancer reporting is properly controlled [22]. For lymphoma, although regular dairy consumption was significantly associated with 23% (1.23; 1.041.46) higher risk, the P trend value became non-significant after FDR correction. Cancer is one of the leading causes of adult mortality globally [1]. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2008000400012. milk and cheese). Am J Clin Nutr. Dandamudi A, et al. Adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for female breast cancer per 50 g/day of usual dairy intake, with step-wise adjustment. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9877(97)90110-9. Between June 2004 and July 2008, all residents aged 3574 years in preselected rural villages or urban residential committees were invited to participate in the study. 2007;99(6):45162. 2014;88(3):62535. This research was funded by the Wellcome Trust, Our Planet Our Health Programme (Livestock, Environment and People - LEAP) [grant number 205212/Z/16/Z]. Youn HJ, Han W. A review of the epidemiology of breast Cancer in Asia: focus on Risk factors. 2009;48(1):4451. Nutr Cancer. Breast cancer (BC) remains a worldwide public health dilemma [1,2,3,4]. Part of Pang Y, Kartsonaki C, Turnbull I, Guo Y, Clarke R, Chen Y, et al. Epidemiologic findings are inconsistent regarding risk for breast cancer related to dairy consumption. 2016;16(8):596604. Int J Cancer. Figure1 shows the flow diagram about the selection of articles. Goodwin PJ, Stambolic V. Impact of the obesity epidemic on cancer. Supplementary Table 2 explicitly recorded the assessment of risk of bias. Obesity and T2D result in hyperinsulinemia [115, 116], increased insulin-like growth factor [117, 118], hyperglycemia [119], dyslipidemia [120, 121], increased adipokines [122], increased inflammatory cytokines [123] and changes in intestinal microorganisms [124, 125], which may increase the risk of cancer through various mechanisms. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-079. 1991;47(5):64953. Finally, there is a hypothesis that people who are lactose intolerant may have altered ingestion of dairy products [54], which might produce different breakdown products and exert differences in risks of diseases, such as cancer [55]. 2016;66(2):11532. 2016;49(3):101927. 2020;49(5):152637. 2019;48(2):489500. 2000;83(5):45965. Mini Rev Med Chem. PubMed Central 2014;37(1):5663. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.07.002. Int J Food Sci Nutr. Schwingshackl L, Schwedhelm C, Hoffmann G, Knppel S, Iqbal K, Andriolo V, et al. The percentages of participants who had a positive HBsAg status and the mean values of total physical activity (metabolic equivalent-h/day) were similar across the three dairy consumption groups. Article Despite the recent increase, the incidence of colorectal and prostate cancers is still lower in China than in the West [4, 42, 43]. CA Cancer J Clin. Cancer incidence and mortality in relation to body mass index in the million women study: cohort study. (4) The study did not contain a full-text article. Article 2000;20(5B):3591601. Prof. Harbeck is currently Director of Education of the European Society for Medical Oncology, serving on the ESMO Executive Board and ESMO Council. In contrast, low-fat dairy products can protect the premenopausal population and reduce the incidence rate of BC. Park Y, Leitzmann MF, Subar AF, Hollenbeck A, Schatzkin A. 2003;107(2):27682. Cancer Causes Control. Dietary choices may play an important role in developing prostate cancer; in particular, a higher dairy product intake has been associated with an increased risk of developing prostate cancer. Dairy product consumption, dietary nutrient and energy density and associations with obesity in Australian adolescents. Thirdly, we did not collect individual-level dairy consumption amount at baseline and the HRs for each 50 g/day of dairy consumption were estimated based on the assumption that the daily portions of dairy products did not change from baseline to the 2nd resurvey. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.005. Because of their complex composition, no clear mechanism of action has been proposed to explain the contribution of dairy products to BC incidence [17]. 6) and between men and women for the associations with any site-specific cancer (Additional file 1: Table 2). 2008;60(3):292300. Pala V, et al. Cancer Res. 2). Updated: 59 minutes ago. Nat Commun. Table 2 comprises the detailed data. 2015;101(1):87117. Across ten regions, the proportion of regular dairy consumers varied nearly 30-fold in both sexes (Additional file 1: Fig. Nutrition transition and related health challenges over decades in China. Studies involving a larger number of cases (e.g. Int J Cancer. PubMed Central However, in a meta-analysis including two of the aforementioned prospective studies [34, 36] and five case-control studies with a total of over 4000 cases, higher dairy intake was associated with 20% (242%) higher risk of lymphoma [38]. O'Sullivan TA, et al. For now, the WHO left current consumption guidelines unchanged. J Natl Cancer Inst. Obes Res Clin Pract. A separate validation study was performed among 432 CKB participants during 20152016 to assess the reproducibility, and validity of the questionnaire, using 12-day 24-hour recalls as reference (19). PubMed Anticancer Res. Br J Nutr. Dietary fat and postmenopausal invasive breast cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and health study cohort. Does night work increase the risk of breast cancer? Of the 36 included studies, 14 were cohort studies (912,975 participants and 25,097BC cases), and 22 were case-control studies (106,257 participants and 18,543BC cases). The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Galvan-Salazar HR, et al. 2017;28(6):497528. 2003;95(14):107985. Baseline and usual amount (g/day) for each baseline category of dairy consumption based on 24,700* participants who attended the second resurvey in 2013-2014. High-fat dairy products are harmful to women, without statistical difference (HR=1.06, 95%CI=1.001.13, p=0.066). Cancer Causes Control. The floating absolute risk method, which provides variance of log risk for each category (including the reference group), was used to facilitate comparisons between any two exposure groups rather than just with an arbitrarily chosen reference group [24]. Continuous Update Project Expert 2018. 1997;10(1):113. Li Y, Li S, Meng X, Gan RY, Zhang JJ, Li HB. Nutrients, 2019. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Low-fat dietary pattern and breast Cancer mortality in the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. Department of Agriculture, Department of Health and Human Services. Article 2017;38(3):42530. Regarding age at recruitment, five studies did not set an upper age limit, and two studies did not set a lower age limit. 2020;31(5):6419. Plummer M. Improved estimates of floating absolute risk. The reference lists of retrieved studies and recent reviews have also been reviewed to examine potential inclusive studies. PubMed Central Jama. The recruitment process and characteristics of the AHS-2 cohort have been described previously. 2011;10(4):32435. Alcohol consumption by beverage type and Risk of breast Cancer: a dose-response Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Aune D, Navarro Rosenblatt DA, Chan DS, Vieira AR, Vieira R, Greenwood DC, et al. Nutr Cancer. Ann Oncol. Google Scholar. Robien K, Cutler GJ, Lazovich D. Vitamin D intake and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women's health study. Microbiome and malignancy. 2007;335(7630):1134. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39367.495995.AE. Among Chinese adults who had relatively lower dairy consumption than Western populations, higher dairy intake was associated with higher risks of liver cancer, female breast cancer and, possibly, lymphoma. Anthropometrics were measured using standard protocols and a venous blood sample was collected from each participant for long-term storage. Several large prospective studies, including meta-analyses of these studies, of primarily Western populations have examined the associations of dairy intake with cancer risks, showing an inverse association with colorectal cancer [6], positive association with risk of prostate cancer [7] but lack of clear associations with risks of breast [8] and many other site-specific cancers [9]. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. The UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00017/1, MC_UU_12026/2, MC_U137686851), Cancer Research UK (C16077/A29186; C500/A16896) and the British Heart Foundation (CH/1996001/9454) provide core funding to the Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit at Oxford University for the project. 1994;5(4):3917. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20203208. Percentage of regular dairy consumers by sex and survey region at baseline (2004-2008). on BC risk rates and the effect of the same type of dairy products on risk rates of various BC subtypes (estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), progesterone receptor-positive (PR+), etc.) Long-term consumption of non-fermented and fermented dairy products and risk of breast cancer by estrogen receptor status - population-based prospective cohort study. Dairy intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. The observed associations were independent of other lifestyle factors including adiposity and were largely consistent across the various subgroups of participants. Dairy product consumption may decrease colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but very few studies have evaluated the association between different types of dairy products and CRC location. Nutrients, 2018. Main analysis. Gaard M, Tretli S, Loken EB. Figure 8. The findings of this study in combination with future studies might provide important information for evidence-based dietary recommendations on cancer prevention in China. Vertical lines represent 95% CIs. https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103132. On the one hand, lifestyle habits such as maintaining circadian stability [20], reducing sedentary behavior [21], little alcohol consumption [22], and little smoking [23] are considered to reduce BC risk. Previous studies of primarily Western populations have reported contrasting associations of dairy consumption with certain cancers, including a positive association with prostate cancer and inverse associations with colorectal and premenopausal breast cancers. J Hematol Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022506507984. 2002;11(5):45763. During the study period, During the study period, 19,699 newly detected BC cases were found. J Am Coll Nutr. He, Y., Tao, Q., Zhou, F. et al. The study's results reveal that men who consumed about 430 grams of dairy per day (1 cups of milk) faced a 25% increased risk of prostate cancer compared to men who consumed only 20.2 grams of dairy per day (1/2 cup of milk per week). Park SY, Kolonel LN, Lim U, White KK, Henderson BE, Wilkens LR. (2) The study was conducted on BC population and used mortality or recovery rate as the outcome. mean intake of ~400 g/day in the USA in 2015) [25]. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160511728. Int J Epidemiol. During a mean follow-up of 10.8 (SD 2.0) years and approximately 5.4 million person-years, a total of 29,277 incident cancer cases were recorded at ages 3579 years (incidence rate 5.47 per 1000 person-years), with lung cancer having the highest incidence rate in the total population, followed by cancers of the female breast, stomach, colorectum and liver (Additional file 1: Table 2). Part of Am J Clin Nutr. PubMed Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer incidence in relation to baseline frequency categories of dairy consumption, stratified by age-at-risk (in 5-year intervals), sex, and region and adjusted for the aforementioned potential confounders (i.e. Int J Food Sci Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02330-3, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02330-3. 2011;127(1):2331. Article 2017;50(1):33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-017-0140-9. 2017;18(12):157989. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8049(00)00022-8. 2013;133(3):6806. Among the study participants, the mean (SD) baseline age was 52 (10.7) years, 59% were women and 44% resided in urban areas (Table 1). 2008;100(5):9426. The second objective is to explore the effects of various dairy products, including fermented dairy products, non-fermented dairy products, high-fat dairy products and low-fat dairy products, on the incidence of BC. Eur J Clin Nutr. The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank study recruited ~0.5 million adults from ten diverse (five urban, five rural) areas across China during 20042008. Pancreatic cancer. Beggs rank correlation and Eggers linear regression test were employed to estimate publication bias. Int J Oncol. Most studies do not make special requirements for included participants, two studies were only conducted on nurses, and one study was only conducted in premenopausal population. Mya Nelson Mya R. Nelson is a science writer for American Institute for Cancer Research. Int J Cancer. Nutr Cancer. This may explain why low-fat dairy products appear to have a risk-lowering impact in the premenopausal population but have no apparent effect in the postmenopausal population. In addition, if a single study published several articles, only the most recent or the highest quality article was included. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Percentage of men and women who reported regular dairy intake by age and study area at baseline (20042008). Participants were classified into three aforementioned frequency categories of dairy consumption to ensure adequate numbers of cancer cases in each consumption category. Hanf V, Gonder U. First, this study included many observational studies with more than one million participants in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. 1999;18(5 Suppl):392S7S. Foods, macronutrients and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: a large UK cohort. Cancer Causes Control. 2020;41(5):47794. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/77.3.633. Only the first incident cancer diagnosis of each type was counted. statement and Fermented dairy products, such as yogurt and cheese, have a superior nutritional value over non-fermented milk due to their high concentrations in beneficial bacteria, calcium, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 [106]. 2022;14(4):794. The vital status of participants (including causes of deaths) was determined based on information from the Disease Surveillance Points system in China [21], checked annually against local residential records and health insurance records and confirmed by street committees or village administrators. Google Scholar. Arch Intern Med. statement and 2016;11(6):e0157461. Dairy products intake and cancer mortality risk: a meta-analysis of 11 population-based cohort studies. Key and Zhengming Chen contributed equally to this work. Vitamin D, calcium and prevention of breast cancer: a review. Diabetes Care. Larsson SC, Mantzoros CS, Wolk A. Diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. No significant associations were observed for colorectal cancer (n = 3350, 1.08 [1.001.17]) or other site-specific cancers. J Breast Cancer. Dairy products and the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam study. Pengzhou CDC: Xiaofang Chen, Jianguo Li, Jiaqiu Liu, Guojin Luo, Qiang Sun, Xunfu Zhong; Zhejiang Provincial CDC: Weiwei Gong, Ruying Hu, Hao Wang, Meng Wan, Min Yu. Storhaug CL, Fosse SK, Fadnes LT. Country, regional, and global estimates for lactose malabsorption in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Participants with a baseline history of cancer (n = 2578) or those with missing values for body mass index (BMI) (n = 2) were excluded, leaving 510,146 participants for analyses. Epidemiology. Consumption of dairy and meat in relation to breast cancer risk in the black Women's health study. The second resurvey, performed from August 2013 to September 2014 among ~25,000 participants, also collected more detailed dietary data, including daily portions of each food group and the consumption (both frequency and amount) of three subtypes of dairy products, i.e. To assess dairy product intakes as well as other food item and nutrient intakes, we used a self-administered, validated, 36-page DHQ which evaluated the participants' usual consumption frequency and portion size of 124 food and beverage items over the past 12 months [17,18].Related aspects of consumption were also asked for 47 of these items, such as fat content. Zang J, Shen M, du S, Chen T, Zou S. The association between dairy intake and breast Cancer in Western and Asian populations: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2014.950207. Zool Res. Four studies (185,355 participants) were grouped by ER status, three studies (87,569 participants) were grouped by PR status, and five studies (184,989 participants) were grouped by hormone receptor status (included ER and PR). Article Although previous meta-analyses of dairy consumption and cancer-specific mortality have been performed, few studies have conducted this analysis and analyzed only one cancer type, such as prostate cancer (72), lung cancer (73), and colorectal cancer (71) mortality. BMC Surg. The maximum scores of this checklist were nine, and scores between six and nine were identified to higher study quality. The primary objective was the risk of BC and intake of dairy products were exposure variables. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Barrubs L, Babio N, Becerra-Toms N, Rosique-Esteban N, Salas-Salvad J. https://doi.org/10.3109/0284186X.2011.636754. Sun Q, Xie W, Wang Y, Chong F, Song M, Li T, et al. The analysis demonstrated that fermented dairy products were not statistically significantly protective for women (HR=0.98, 95%CI=0.951.02), nor for ER+/PR+ BC (HR=1.01, 95%CI=0.971.05) or ER/PR- BC (HR=1.03, 95%CI=0.921.15). World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. When more than ten [55, 56] studies were included, sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were performed to evaluate the stability and reliability of the results. J Nutr. A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Diet and breast cancer: a systematic review. Nutr Cancer. A search of relevant studies investigating the relationship between dairy products and BC published before January 2021 was carried out in PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. Sahni S, Mangano KM, Kiel DP, Tucker KL, Hannan MT. Diet during adolescence and risk of breast cancer among young women. Your US state privacy rights, The CI of HR was set at 95% to examine the relationship between dairy consumption and BC risk. 2013;37(3):197206. 2014;72(1):117. Cite this article. Int J Mol Sci. Adv Clin Exp Med. The numbers above the vertical lines are point estimates for HRs and the numbers below the lines refer to the number of incident cancer cases. Dong JY, Zhang L, He K, Qin LQ. Food groups and Risk of hypertension: a systematic review and dose-response Meta-analysis of prospective studies. The long-term follow-up has been supported by Wellcome grants to Oxford University (212946/Z/18/Z, 202922/Z/16/Z, 104085/Z/14/Z, 088158/Z/09/Z) and grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0900500, 2016YFC0900501, 2016YFC0900504, 2016YFC1303904) and from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91843302). BMC Med 20, 134 (2022). The analysis indicated that those who consumed dairy products had a significantly lower BC risk than those who never or rarely consumed dairy products (HR=0.95, 95% CI=0.910.99, p=0.019) with moderate heterogeneity (I2=62.3%), indicating that dairy product intake was protective for female population and can reduce BC risk. 2016;45(5):70813. BMJ. Shin MH, et al. Is dairy intake associated to breast cancer? 2000;11(5):40311. Int J Cancer. 2017;33:11724. 2014;15(21):95437. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. 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