Though is derived from A by adding an overring, it is considered a separate letter. [13] It is considered the mother tongue or "language of the heart" for Luxembourgers and the language they generally use to speak or write to each other. [162], Some 20 data centers[163][164][165] are operating in Luxembourg. In 1354, Charles IV elevated the county to the Duchy of Luxembourg. After the decline of the steel industry in the 1970s, the country focused on establishing itself as a global financial center and developed into the banking hub it is reputed to be. Dictionary.com Unabridged , ( a - circumflex) is a letter of the Inari Sami, Skolt Sami, Romanian, and Vietnamese alphabets. [47], By the middle of the 13th century the counts of Luxembourg had managed to gain considerable wealth and power and had expanded their territory from the river Meuse to the Moselle. [citation needed], Even though Luxembourg is largely multilingual today, some people claim that Luxembourg is subject of intense francization and that Luxembourgish and German are in danger of disappearing in the country, making Luxembourg either a unilingual Francophone country, or at best a bilingual French- and English-speaking country sometime in the far future. A visited link is underlined and purple. To compensate the Duchy for this loss, it was decided to elevate the Duchy to a Grand-Duchy, thus giving the Dutch monarchs the additional title of Grand-Duke of Luxembourg. For nearly 320 years Luxembourg would remain a possession of the mighty House of Habsburg, at first under Austrian rule (15061556), then under Spanish rule (15561714), before going back again to Austrian rule (17141794). G. Toner, M. N Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), , Hong Vn Ma; Lc Vn Po; Hong Ch (2006). to rent an L-shaped studio; to fly an SST. In 2007, the European Capital of Culture was to be a cross-border area consisting of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Rheinland-Pfalz and Saarland in Germany, the Walloon Region and the German-speaking part of Belgium, and the Lorraine area in France. In Emilian-Romagnol, is used to represent the open-mid back unrounded vowel [], e.g. Used to indicate the recipient of certain phrasal verb. [191] According to a 2010 Pew Research Center study, 70.4% are Christian, 2.3% Muslim, 26.8% unaffiliated, and 0.5% other religions.[192]. [195] In addition to the three national languages, English is taught in compulsory schooling and much of the population of Luxembourg can speak English. The northern third of Luxembourg, known as the Oesling (sling), comprises a corner of the Ardennes Mountains, which lie mainly in southern Belgium. With Robert Schuman (one of the founding fathers of the EU), Pierre Werner (considered the father of the Euro), Gaston Thorn, Jacques Santer and Jean-Claude Juncker (all former Presidents of the European Commission), Luxembourgish politicians contributed substantially to the EU's formation and establishment. The northern third of the country is known as the Oesling, and forms part of the Ardennes. [146][147][148][149], Luxembourg is connected to all major European Internet Exchanges (AMS-IX Amsterdam,[150] DE-CIX Frankfurt,[151] LINX London),[152] datacenters and POPs through redundant optical networks. In algebra, the letter a along with various other letters of the alphabet is often used to denote a variable, with various conventional meanings in different areas of mathematics. Cognate with Latin an (yes, perhaps). In August 1914, during World War I, Imperial Germany violated Luxembourg's neutrality by invading it in order to defeat France. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 HarperCollins a one-room apartment; a once-famous actor. This is because, as previously discussed, the /Aa indicates a separate sound. Little Switzerland, in the east of Luxembourg, has craggy terrain and thick forests. It is also the uplink home of SES, carrier of major European satellite services for Germany and Britain. Graphic designers refer to the Italic and Roman forms as "single decker a" and "double decker a" respectively. By default, links will appear as follows in all browsers: An unvisited link is underlined and blue. Bolognese dialect Bulggna, dpp IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters, obsolete or non-standard symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet, "Latin alphabet | Definition, Description, History, & Facts", "Frequncia da ocorrncia de letras no Portugus", "Hebrew Lesson of the Week: The Letter Aleph", "Percentages of Letter Frequencies per Thousand Words", List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A&oldid=1167306601, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from EB9, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia with a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, the modified form of the above sound that occurs, the shorter rounded vowel (not present in, : Latin small letter alpha with retroflex hook, : Turned alpha / script A, which represents an, : Small letter a reversed-schwa is used in the, : Glottal A, used in the transliteration of, This page was last edited on 27 July 2023, at 00:12. [124] Luxembourg ranked third on the Tax Justice Network's 2011 Financial Secrecy Index of the world's major tax havens, scoring only slightly behind the Cayman Islands. but especially in speech a is used occasionally, more often in some dialects than in others. In an attempt to modernize the orthography, linguists tried to introduce the to Danish and Norwegian writing in the 19th century. Cirque du Soleil's Kooz production uses this character in its logo, although it is pronounced by the main singer as a regular "a". In Portuguese, it represents a nasal near-open central vowel ([]), though it varies from near in Europe(green &dark gray)in the European Union(green), Luxembourg (/lksmbr/ (listen) LUK-sm-burg;[9] Luxembourgish: Ltzebuerg [ltsbu] (listen); French: Luxembourg [lyksbu]; German: Luxemburg [lksmbk]), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg,[b] is a small landlocked country in Western Europe. Bien que la faim et le dnment nous tourmentassent quelquefois, et mme peu prs toujours, rien ne nous causait autant de tourment que d, Even though hunger and destitution tormented us sometimes, and even almost always, nothing caused us as much torment as being witnesses to the unheard-of cruelties that my master exercised on the Christians. This is also true for the alternative spelling "Aa". An Analysis of Proto-Sara. [126], Agriculture employed about 2.1% of Luxembourg's active population in 2010, when there were 2200 agricultural holdings with an average area per holding of 60 hectares. [count] In Greek handwriting, it was common to join the left leg and horizontal stroke into a single loop, as demonstrated by the uncial version shown. This article is about the country. a waiter touching a plate with a bare hand is indeed not ideal, which is why waiters are generally instructed to wear gloves. The accent indicates the stressed syllable in words with irregular stress patterns. The first time was in 1995. [197][198] Two American universities maintain satellite campuses in the country: Miami University (Dolibois European Center) and Sacred Heart University (Luxembourg Campus). [111] It had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 1.12/10, ranking it 164th globally out of 172 countries. Luxembourg is divided into 12 cantons, which are further divided into 102 communes. (in some grading systems) a grade or mark, as in school or college, indicating the quality of a student's work as excellent or superior. Luxembourg is described as a "full democracy",[93] with a parliamentary democracy headed by a constitutional monarch. (Note that in Swedish, the O is pronounced differently, [o].). [74] At the time of the Franco-Prussian war in 1870, Luxembourg's neutrality was respected, and neither France nor Germany invaded the country. When the war broke out in 1701 Luxembourg and the Spanish Netherlands were administered by the pro-French faction under the governor Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria and sided with the Bourbons. Luxembourgish is the language that Luxembourgers generally use to speak and write to each other, and there has been a recent increase in the production of novels and movies in the language; at the same time, the numerous expatriate workers (approximately 44% of the population) generally do not use it to speak to each other. But since 1919, sovereignty has resided with the nation, exercised by the grand duke in accordance with the Constitution and the law. The road network has been significantly modernized in recent years with 165km (103mi)[133] of motorways connecting the capital to adjacent countries. [28] The duchy eventually became part of the Burgundian Circle and then one of the Seventeen Provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands. The city of Luxembourg was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 due to the exceptional preservation of its vast fortifications and historic quarters. In the years 1793 and 1794 most of the Duchy was conquered relatively quickly and the French Revolutionary Army committed many atrocities and pillages against the Luxembourgish civilian population and abbeys, the most infamous being the massacres of Differdange and Dudelange, as well as the destruction of the abbeys of Clairefontaine, Echternach and Orval. WebA, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide.Its name in English is a (pronounced / e /), plural aes. An exception is Saanich, in which a (and the glyph ) stands for a close-mid front unrounded vowel /e/. a number of recent polls at the state level have measured both the presidential election and Senate races. From the 2nd century BC, Celtic tribes settled in the region between the rivers Rhine and Meuse.[35]. By the time of the reign of Henry V the Blonde, Bitburg, La Roche-en-Ardenne, Durbuy, Arlon, Thionville, Marville, Longwy, and in 1264 the competing County of Vianden (and with it St Vith and Schleiden) had either been incorporated directly or become vassal states to the County of Luxembourg. For instance, the last name Aagaard is much more common than grd. The surname Aa is always spelled with double A, never with the single . Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The border between Luxembourg and Germany is formed by three rivers: the Moselle, the Sauer, and the Our. WebIn Spanish, is an accented letter. But despite the defeat, the Battle of Worringen helped the Counts of Luxembourg to achieve military glory, which they had previously lacked, as they had mostly enlarged their territory by means of inheritances, marriages and fiefdoms.

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